Brody et al., 2001
Brody and colleagues (2001) allowed subjects to self-select into either IPT or paroxetine (n=24 total) arms of a 12-week trial compared to healthy controls. Resting PET at the end of treatment examined neural activity in both groups combined, compared to controls. PET showed decreased activity in the pre-frontal cortex and increased activity in the insula and inferior temporal gyrus.
Reference: Brody AL, Saxena S, Stoessel P, Gillies LA, Fairbanks LA, Alborzian S, et al. (2001). Regional brain metabolic changes in patients with major depression treated with either paroxetine or interpersonal therapy: preliminary findings. Archives of General Psychiatry 58, 631–640.
Reference: Brody AL, Saxena S, Stoessel P, Gillies LA, Fairbanks LA, Alborzian S, et al. (2001). Regional brain metabolic changes in patients with major depression treated with either paroxetine or interpersonal therapy: preliminary findings. Archives of General Psychiatry 58, 631–640.
Buchheim et al., 2012
Buchheim and colleagues (2012) performed fMRI on depressed subjects (n=16) and controls (n=17) before and after subjects received 15 months of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Subjects showed normalization of activity in ventral ACC that correlated with BDI improvement. Subjects also showed normalization of activity in the dorsal mPFC that correlated with SCL90-R global severity index improvement.
Reference: Buchheim A, Viviani R, Kessler H, Kachele H, Cierpka M, Roth G, et al. (2012). Changes in prefrontal-limbic function in major depression after 15 months of long-term psychotherapy. PLoS ONE 7(3): e33745.
Reference: Buchheim A, Viviani R, Kessler H, Kachele H, Cierpka M, Roth G, et al. (2012). Changes in prefrontal-limbic function in major depression after 15 months of long-term psychotherapy. PLoS ONE 7(3): e33745.
Kircher et al., 2012
Forty-two medication-free patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia and 42 healthy controls underwent fMRI during a fear conditioning tasks at baseline. Patients received 12 sessions of manualized CBT. After CBT was complete, all subjects were rescanned while performing the same task. After CBT, fMRI revealed reduction in activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus in patients compared to controls, which correlated with reduction in agoraphobic symptoms.
Forty-two medication-free patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia and 42 healthy controls underwent fMRI during a fear conditioning tasks at baseline. Patients received 12 sessions of manualized CBT. After CBT was complete, all subjects were rescanned while performing the same task. After CBT, fMRI revealed reduction in activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus in patients compared to controls, which correlated with reduction in agoraphobic symptoms.
Lehto et al., 2008
Lehto and colleagues (2008) performed SPECT on 19 subjects with major depression after one year of twice-weekly psychodynamic psychotherapy. Subjects who had atypical depression (n=8) showed increased density of the serotonin transporter in the midbrain. This change did not correlate significantly with change in HAM-D score nor with change in the atypical index score. No significant changes were observed in subjects with typical depression or in the depressed group as a whole. No changes were observed in the striatal density of the dopamine transporter in either group.
Reference: Lehto SM, Tolmunen T, Joensuu M, Saarinen PI, Valkonen-Korhonen M, Vanninen R, et al. (2008). Changes in midbrain serotonin transporter availability in atypically depressed subjects after one year of psychotherapy. Prog Neuropsychopharm Biol Psychiatry 32: 229-237.
Reference: Lehto SM, Tolmunen T, Joensuu M, Saarinen PI, Valkonen-Korhonen M, Vanninen R, et al. (2008). Changes in midbrain serotonin transporter availability in atypically depressed subjects after one year of psychotherapy. Prog Neuropsychopharm Biol Psychiatry 32: 229-237.
Martin et al., 2001
Unmedicated patients with MDD were treated for six weeks with either IPT (n=13) or venlafaxine 37.5mg BID (n=15). HAM-D scores at pre- and post-treatment for the IPT group were 22.7+/-2.7 and 16.2+/-7.1. Pre- and post-treatment scores for the venlafaxine group were 22.4+/-3.1 and 10.9+/-8.6. Statistical parametric mapping showed limbic right posterior cingulate and right basal ganglia activation in the IPT group (P =.01). The authors note that this was a short trial with a small sample, no control group, and different symptom reduction in the two groups.
Reference: Martin SD, Martin E, Rai SS, Richardson MA, Royall R (2001). Brain blood flow changes in depressed patients treated with interpersonal psychotherapy or venlafaxine hydrochloride: preliminary findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58(7):641-8.
Unmedicated patients with MDD were treated for six weeks with either IPT (n=13) or venlafaxine 37.5mg BID (n=15). HAM-D scores at pre- and post-treatment for the IPT group were 22.7+/-2.7 and 16.2+/-7.1. Pre- and post-treatment scores for the venlafaxine group were 22.4+/-3.1 and 10.9+/-8.6. Statistical parametric mapping showed limbic right posterior cingulate and right basal ganglia activation in the IPT group (P =.01). The authors note that this was a short trial with a small sample, no control group, and different symptom reduction in the two groups.
Reference: Martin SD, Martin E, Rai SS, Richardson MA, Royall R (2001). Brain blood flow changes in depressed patients treated with interpersonal psychotherapy or venlafaxine hydrochloride: preliminary findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58(7):641-8.
Yamanishi et al., 2009
Forty-five patients with OCD were treated for 12 weeks with CBT. Pre- and post-treatment SPECT was performed. Responders showed a decrease in activity in the left medial prefrontal cortex and bilateral middle frontal gyri. Also, pre-treatment rCBF in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex was significantly correlated with symptom improvement among responders.
Reference: Yamanishi T, Nakaaki S, Omori IM, Hashimoto N, Shinagawa Y, Hongo J, Horikoshi M, Tohyama J, Akechi T, Soma T, Iidaka T, Furukawa TA, 2009. Changes after behavior therapy among responsive and nonresponsive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 172:242–250.
Yoshimura et al., 2014
Patients with depression (n=23) and healthy controls (n=15) were scanned at baseline and 12 weeks later. Depressed patients received 12 weeks of CBT. Improvement in depressive symptoms correlated with change in fMRI activity in vACC during a self-referential emotion word task.
Reference: Yoshimura S, Okamato Y, Onoda K, Matsunaga M, Okada G, Kunisato Y, Yoshino A, Ueda K, Suzuki S, Yamawaki S (2014). Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression changes medial prefrontal and ventral anterior cingulate cortex activity associated with self-referential processing. SCAN 9, 487-93.
Forty-five patients with OCD were treated for 12 weeks with CBT. Pre- and post-treatment SPECT was performed. Responders showed a decrease in activity in the left medial prefrontal cortex and bilateral middle frontal gyri. Also, pre-treatment rCBF in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex was significantly correlated with symptom improvement among responders.
Reference: Yamanishi T, Nakaaki S, Omori IM, Hashimoto N, Shinagawa Y, Hongo J, Horikoshi M, Tohyama J, Akechi T, Soma T, Iidaka T, Furukawa TA, 2009. Changes after behavior therapy among responsive and nonresponsive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 172:242–250.
Yoshimura et al., 2014
Patients with depression (n=23) and healthy controls (n=15) were scanned at baseline and 12 weeks later. Depressed patients received 12 weeks of CBT. Improvement in depressive symptoms correlated with change in fMRI activity in vACC during a self-referential emotion word task.
Reference: Yoshimura S, Okamato Y, Onoda K, Matsunaga M, Okada G, Kunisato Y, Yoshino A, Ueda K, Suzuki S, Yamawaki S (2014). Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression changes medial prefrontal and ventral anterior cingulate cortex activity associated with self-referential processing. SCAN 9, 487-93.